Othello, By Director Iqbal Khan - 891 Words

According to director Iqbal Khan the state of not having certainty makes Othello a tragedy as a play. As a character not having certainty allowed his mind to become polluted and create a jealous monster. The relationship between Othello and Iago jeopardizes the idea of Othello’s character. The series betrayals are drawn upon by the false whisperings of Iago. He allowed Iago to manipulate his thoughts and conquer his conscience. During the final scene not having certainty deteriorates Othello’s character. Resulting with innocent lives slain due to a series of betrayals through Iago. The situational irony the tragedy evokes the question of Othello’s character. Thus making him the tragic protagonist. The state of not having certainty makes Othello a tragedy. If characters in the play were not allowed to be manipulated the network of betrayals would have never existed. Betrayals are based upon hearsay no one is for certain. Only the audience is aware of the mastermind Iago. The fact that the situations are familiar to us as humans also allows the play to be more tragic. We know what it is like to be betrayed. We know what is it like to feel love and have it taken away. We know what it is like to be that outsider just as Othello was. Therefore the universal feeling of uncertainty creates a catastrophic world in Othello that defines it as a tragedy. The world is recognizable. Othello, a strong and well-spoken man deceived is by one of his closest comrades. Both being black men

The And Its Effect On The World - 1288 Words

The apparently overpowering Roman Empire was guaranteed to collapse soon after the numerous characteristics that made Rome such a prevailing kingdom started to deteriorate away. Rome was the focal point of the biosphere and the thought that such a universal supremacy could decay was disregarded. It was not manufactured in twenty-four hours; therefore, it could not be demolished in twenty-four hours. The spectacular metropolis failed for countless reasons, however there are only a couple key explanations that directed to its diminish. These reasons were the most important part of society, so it explains a lot but it was, Political, economic, religious, and neighboring militaries that were the most important influences that steered to†¦show more content†¦Christianity was spread like wild fire. The Roman rulers sensed that Christianity was so dominant that it could be a potential danger. Around 100 AD. the first discriminations of the Christians transpired. Many of the Romans had previously committed to the belief of Christianity and they rejected to abandon it because it was the supreme key of their life. This steered to many societal complications as well as a weakening in the patriotism that had once existed in the souls of all Romans. The People challenged Roman politics and they became liberated of the government. By the stage that Constantine officially legalized Christianity it was far too late and the Kingdom was too profound in disunity to convalesce. The pronouncement to outlaw Christianity was a dreadful resolution and caused the once integrated empire to disintegrate. During plentiful of the period that Rome existed, the Empire permitted the Germanic communities to live tranquilly inside its areas. For several ages the two assemblies subsisted melodiously until the Huns hard-pressed the communities beyond into Rome. The Germans were treated seriously poor and the Vistagoths rapidly turned in contradiction of the Romans. In an appalling encoun ter the Roman military was overcome and the Vistagoths momentarily apprehended the city of Rome and took it over. Soon after the metropolis was captured the Huns lost an encounter with the Roman/Vistagoth army. The Eastern Empire decided in

Business Laws Dodgy Pty Ltd

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Laws for Dodgy Pty Ltd. Answer: Introduction Analysis of First Case Analysis of Facts in Case: In this context, the case of Bill and Jill describes that they contracted with seller Dodgy Pty. Ltd. in this contract; the seller dishonestly stated that the weekly taking of the caf is $10,000. The seller also put a term related to the estimation of the per week business cost $3000. But the buyers found that the weekly taking was just below than the weekly business cost. Therefore, Bill and Jill were to remedies against the seller. Understanding of the Australian Business Law Principle The principles of Australian business law force the organizations and individual to make the contract to comply with the legal terms for avoiding unexpected outcomes. The principle of Australian Consumer Law (ACL) includes a term related to unfair contract terms and suggests the standards that should have to use during the contract making between seller and buyer (Ibp Inc., 2013). According to this act, the seller may not use wrong or misleading or deceptive terms that can affect the decisions of buyers. Relevant Cases In the context of Australian law of contract, there are many cases that enhance the understanding towards the legal consequences related to a contract. Gates v City Mutual Life Assurance Society Ltd [1986] HCA 3; (1986) 160 CLR 1 In this case, the court held that the seller can be responsible for his or her wrong statement that manipulates the decision of the buyers. But the seller will pay only for the loss that would be reasonable rather more than real loss (AustLII, n.d.). Alcatel Australia Limited v Scarcely and Ors Matter Nose Ca [1998] NSWSC 483: In this case, the court held that a contract should be made on the basis of good faith otherwise; the loss gaining party because of bad faith may demand the damage of their loss (AustLII, 2016). It means Jill and Bill can demand for their loss because the seller did not use the good faith to make the contract for caf. Nash v Inman, [1908] 2 KB 1 In this case, the court held that the contract made with the minor can be applied in only such condition, if it will relate to the improvement in their social life status (Clarke, 2010). Role of Compliance and Requirements Both the statute and common law restrict the minors to make contract. The general rule of common law describes that the contract made by minor is voidable, if the contract is made for property, land, money or business (Tomasic, Bottomley McQueen, 2002). This is because the common law does not believe that a minor can fulfill his or her obligations. It means if a person makes enforceable contract with a minor when the minor has the right to cancel the contract or deny by performing any action as per the terms of contract (Ibp Inc., 2013). The contract law of Australia also describes that the contract can only take place between eligible persons only. Use of Laws As per the above cases and the description of the principles of contract law, it can be stated that the followings are some remedies to the buyers against the seller. Jill can also void the contract because of the involvement of a minor such as bill, who has not eligible to make the contract for the business or property. Buyers can ask compensation for their loss due to the use of wrong statement related to weekly collection in the contract. Analysis for Second Case Facts Hugh runs a business, which produces pizza. To deliver the pizza, UberEats is used by Hugh to serve the customers in Sydney. This type of food delivery services helps Hugh to increase sales in Sydney. To cut the delivery cost, High and Theo started to use their own vehicles rather UberEats but they do not register any document related to this. But they do not make any kind of change in the existing advertisement and use Uber to deliver its pizza to customers. To reduce operation cost, Hugh decides to replace the use of out date cheeses in pizzas. They state through advertisements to their customers that Homeslice uses only freshest ingredients and they use chesses directly from customers. But, several customers get sick and one dies after consuming stale and out of date ingredients. Australian Business Law Principle Each state of Australia has Fair Trading legislation related to deceptive or misleading conduct by anyone. In this context, section 18 of Australian Consumer Law (ACL), a person cannot and should not engage in deceptive or misleading conduct (Morandin Smith, 2011). Schedule 2 of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 prohibits the corporations conduct in commerce or trade by deceptive or misleading to mislead the customers. The section 52 of Trade Practices Act (1974) was also related to deceptive conducts which was supplanted by Competition and Consumer Act (CCA) 2010 (Latimer, 2012). As per this law, followings are some elements to establish deceptive or misleading conduct are: Conduct as impugned was done during the commercial or trade activities; The impugned conduct caused misleading or deceptive behavior against individual or group of people (Esmaeili Grigg, 2016); The plaintiff relied on the defenders conduct; and As a trust on conduct and its result, the plaintiff or claimant got a loss. Therefore, the main aim of the doctrine is to provide protection to consumer from any misleading behavior of organization by deciding the action of the defender under the terms of strict liability. These sections of law also provide several remedies to customers against the misbehavior or deceptive conducts of the organizations. Relevant Cases Google Inc v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission [2013] HCA 1: In above case, Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) claims Google Inc has violated the section 52 of the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) because its search engine displayed deceptive and misleading information during the search (High Court of Australia, 2013). This event has taken place between 2005 and 2008. In the reference of this case, the court held that the organization of the Google search engine can be liable for deceptive conduct, if it uses promotional method to represent the information to the customers (High Court of Australia, 2013). But, the characteristic of Google describes that it does not offer anything to customers directly therefore, it may not be liable for the misleading conduct. Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562: The rule related duty of care means the fulfillment of entire necessities from manufacturer of products before the delivery of the customers to satisfy the needs of customers. In the above case, the court states that there is a close relationship between manufacturer and consumer because it is a duty of the manufacturer to provide the quality products to customers with the safety of customers (Fitzroy Legal Service, 2016). As per this, it can be concluded that the manufacturer should have to fulfill the obligations related to duty of care. Withyman v State of NSW and Anor [2010] NSWDC 186: According to the judgment in the given case, a person who has the duty is to serve the customers but he has not fulfils the obligation, then this situation will called the breach of duty. The breach of duty is also established in above defined case. In the case, the district court states that it is a duty of the teacher to work for the welfare of student in the place of intimacy inside or outside of the school. Hence, the action of teacher to seduce the student is an example of breach of duty towards the students (Carternewell Layers, n.d.). Similarly, it was the duty of Hugh to use the quality cheese and other ingredients in the making of pizza, while the case defines that they were using out dated cheese that only caused a negative impact on human health. Grant v Australian Knitting Mills [1932] AC 85: In the above case, the plaintiff loosed money due to the use of chemical in a product. As a result, the plaintiff spent more than three months in the hospital to recover health. In this case, court describes that the injury of the customer is form of damage that is required to establish the tort of negligence (Goodden, 2009). Therefore, the manufacturer of the product would be liable for the loss of customers. Use of Laws In the given case, the above defined principles of CCC and ACL can be applied to define the responsibility of the manufacturer towards the loss of the customers, which take place after the consumption of pizza. Role of Compliance and Requirements The sections related to misrepresentation of information and use of unfair business practices will help the plaintiff or the customers of Hugh to get compensation for their damage from the manufacture of pizza. This is because they did not only use the wrong information related to services but also used outdate ingredient by naming fresh ingredients. As a result, the court can be able to give the judgment in favor of plaintiff. References AustLII (2016) Alactel Australia Limitedv Scarcella ORS [Online]. Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/nsw/NSWSC/1998/483.html (Accessed: 14 September 2016) AustLII (2016) GATES v. The City Mutual Life Assurance Party Society(1986) 160 CLR 1 [Online]. Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/1986/3.html (Accessed: 14 September 2016) Carternewell Layers (n.d.) Australian Civil Liability Guide, 9th ed [Online]. Available at: https://www.carternewell.com/Australian-Civil-Liability-Guide-9th-Edition/index.html#87/z Clarke, J. (2010). Nash v Inman [Online]. Available at: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/cases/nash.html (Accessed: 14 September 2016) Esmaeili, H. Grigg, B. (2016) The Boundaries of Australian Property Law. Australia: Cambridge University Press. Fitzroy Legal Service (2016) Duty of care [Online]. Available at: https://lawhandbook.dev.jed.cecc.com.au/handbook/ch06s03s02.php (Accessed: 14 September 2016) Goodden, R.L. (2009) Lawsuit!: Reducing the Risk of Product Liability for Manufacturers. USA: John Wiley Sons. High Court of Australia (2013) Google Inc v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission [2013] HCA 1 [Online]. Available at: https://eresources.hcourt.gov.au/showCase/2013/HCA/1 (Accessed: 14 September 2016) Ibp Inc. (2013) Australia Business Law Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Basic Laws. Int'l Business Publications. Latimer, P. (2012). Australian Business Law 2012. CCH Australia Limited. Morandin, N. Smith, J. (2011) Australian Competition and Consumer Legislation 2011. Australia: CCH Australia Limited. Tomasic, R., Bottomley, S. McQueen, R. (2002) Corporations Law in Australia. Federation Press.

Rates of reaction experiment HCl Essay Example

Rates of reaction experiment HCl Paper The rate of reactions is how fast something changes from its reactants to its products. For a reactions to occur, the particles must strike with enough energy. At the start of the practical only some of the reactions will have enough energy to strike with each other and create energy for the reaction to happen. We can increase the rate of reaction by changing specific conditions in order to increase the rate of collision what will happen is that one of the things what can change it is the temperature because it provides the reactant with more energy. So this means the particles will be moving around more and therefore they are more likely to collide with each other. Another one is the concentration because by increasing the concentration of a reactant we are increasing the number of particles in a certain volume. This means there is more likely to be more collisions because they is more particles with in a small space. Another one could be pressure because by increasing the pressure we are decreasing the space in what the practices can move about in. so this means the practices will be more likely to collide with each other because there is less space for them to move around. We will write a custom essay sample on Rates of reaction experiment HCl specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rates of reaction experiment HCl specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rates of reaction experiment HCl specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Another one could be a catalyst because this is a lower activation energy required by particles to start a reaction and provides another route for the reaction to occur, thus speeding up the reaction. In the reaction what I will carry out the equation is: Hydrochloric acid + sodium thiosulfate sodium chloride + sulphur dioxide + Sulphur + water 2HCl (aq) + Na2s2o3 (aq) 2Nacl (aq) + SO2 (g) + S (s) + H2O (l) On this experiment we will be changing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid. So if we change the concentration of the experiment we are increasing the number of practices inside the reactions. Hypothesis Based on the information’s what I put about the rate of reaction I think as the concentration increase the rate of reactions will increase as well because they will be more practical inside the experiment so they will be colliding with each other more so the rate of reaction will increase. Equipment Measuring cylinders- so we could measure how much of the chemical we was using when we did the experiment   Test tube-so we could pour the chemicals into   Test tube holder- so then when we are waiting for the test to finish we don’t have to hold the measuring cylinders we can just put them in the rack. Hydrochloric acid- so we have a chemical to react with sodium thiosulphate.   Sodium thiosulphate- so then we have something to react with hydrochloric acid   Sodium carbonate- to put the finish produce in because after the reaction the mixer starts to smell.   Stop watch- to time the time taken for the reaction to finish. Paper and marker- so we have something to look for on the other side of the test tube to test the rate of reaction Goggles- so aware eyes always stayed protected when we are doing the experiment Variables An independent variable is hydrochloric acid solution. Dependent variables is how long the reaction takes. The dependent variable was the rate of reaction. The controlled variable was the amount of hydrochloric acid contraction must be the same. If you don’t have any controlled variables then this experiment wouldn’t have worked. Limitations My limitations could have been: Human error I could have stopped the stop watch a second after the ‘X’ had disappeared, thus causing outliers in my work. The stop watch could have been faulty the button might not have been working well and may not have stopped the timer when I pressed it. Some chemicals may have been left behind in the measuring cylinder/ test tube. Distractions I may have been distracted by something such as a loud noise and I might have looked away at the exact moment that the X disappeared. The equipment that I used might have been contaminated if it wasn’t washed out properly the last time it was used. This could have caused a faster reaction because of any other unwanted chemicals still inside the equipment Lastly, there could have been a mistake in the measuring. This could have happened if I didn’t have the measuring cylinder at eye level when I poured in the chemicals. Methods The first thing that I did was prepare myself and the area around me for the practical. I pushed all stools and bags under the desk so there is no risk of anyone tripping. So that me and my classmates where safe. The next thing that I did was gather up all of my equipment/reactants and lay them out on the table. I made sure that I had everything before I started. This makes sure that my experiment runs smoothly. Then, I drew a large â€Å"X† on the white paper using the marker pen. This was important because it would help to finding out the rate of reaction. Next we measured out 2cm3 of hydrochloric acid solution and sodium thiosulphate in separate measuring cylinders. Then place them two in the same beaker and put the paper with the cross on it on the back with the cross facing towards you. Then when can no longer see the cross stop the stopwatch and listed down the time in your result table. Then pour the finished substance into sodium carbonate because the reaction will start to smell after a while so this chemical will help prevent the bad smell. Do this 3 times so it is easier for you to find out the average time taken for the cross to disappear. Then you change the concentration of sodium thiosulphate to 0. 4cm3 and 1cm3 and repeat the experiment for them to concentrations and do it 3 times for both of these concentration. So then you can see if different concentration will make the rate of reaction change. Fair test To make the investigation is a fair test I made sure:   The same person observe the reaction because different people have different eyesight so keeping the same person to observe the ‘X’ disappear is better. Use the same ‘X’ as a darker or bigger ‘X’ can increase the time it takes for it to disappear. The temperature is kept the same. Same volume of solution – total volumes need to be the same. My results HcL concentration 1st time taken 2nd time taken 3rd time taken Average time taken 0. 4 cm3 101 131 98 110 1 92 94 93 93 2 103 95 78 92 You work out the rate of reaction by 1/average time taken So for HcL the rate of reaction was: HcL concentration Rate of reaction 0. 4 0. 009 1 0. 01 2 0. 01 Analysis and Evaluation By using my results it does show that as the concentration level goes up the time of reaction goes down. On my result I think we had a limitation because for the first 2 test of 2cm3 didn’t go with the rest of the results so they are so I think we went wrong with that concentration. So for all the other results they matched what the scientific information said in my introduction so that show this experiment still went well even though we went wrong on them two results. The scientist said as the concentration goes up the rate of reaction will increase as well and the second table would show this but because of the 2cm3 results it doesn’t quite work out but for 1cm3 and 0. 4cm3 this does go with what the scientist where saying. If I did this experiment again I would make sure that the test tubes where clean because I think we didn’t wash them out properly so it affected aware results because we did 0. 4cm3 and then we did 1cm3 so I think so of the substance was still left other and it affected the 2cm3 results. This would make it better because then I think the results will show what they should show because no reactants where left other. References: http://www. thinkingwriting. qmul. ac. uk/wishees/collections/school/Morpeth%20GSCE%20Chemistry/PDFs/59367. pdf http://www. ukessays. com/essays/chemistry/test-affected-by-changing-the-concentration. php.